What Are the Best Plants to Grow Under Apple Trees?

AvatarBySheryl Ackerman General Planting

Planting beneath apple trees offers a wonderful opportunity to maximize garden space, enhance soil health, and create a visually appealing landscape. Whether you have a sprawling orchard or a single backyard tree, choosing the right plants to grow under apple trees can complement their growth and even benefit the overall ecosystem. However, this task requires thoughtful consideration, as the conditions beneath fruit trees—such as shade, root competition, and soil moisture—can be quite different from open garden beds.

Understanding what thrives under apple trees involves balancing aesthetics, practicality, and the health of the tree itself. Some plants can help suppress weeds, improve soil nutrients, or attract beneficial insects, while others might compete too aggressively for resources or create unfavorable conditions. Gardeners who take the time to select appropriate companions will find that their apple trees and understory plants can coexist harmoniously, leading to a more productive and beautiful garden space.

In the following sections, we will explore the types of plants best suited for planting under apple trees, considering factors such as light requirements, root competition, and seasonal interest. Whether you’re aiming to create a lush ground cover, attract pollinators, or simply add color and texture beneath your trees, this guide will provide the insights you need to make informed choices and cultivate a thriving garden environment.

Best Ground Covers and Companion Plants for Apple Trees

Selecting the right plants to grow under apple trees requires consideration of root competition, moisture needs, and sunlight availability. Ideally, companion plants should not compete aggressively for nutrients or water but instead support the tree’s health and the orchard ecosystem.

Low-growing ground covers are popular choices as they help suppress weeds, retain soil moisture, and improve soil quality without interfering with the shallow root system of apple trees. Some of the best ground covers include:

  • Clover (Trifolium spp.): Fixes nitrogen in the soil, enriching it naturally.
  • Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum): Drought tolerant and attracts pollinators.
  • Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa): Provide edible fruit and ground cover.
  • Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla): Attracts beneficial insects and has aromatic foliage.
  • Dwarf mondo grass (Ophiopogon japonicus): Tolerates shade and foot traffic.

In addition to ground covers, certain herbs and flowers make excellent companions beneath apple trees, as they can deter pests and attract pollinators or beneficial insects:

  • Marigolds (Tagetes spp.): Repel nematodes and aphids.
  • Garlic (Allium sativum): Known to deter fungal diseases and pests.
  • Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus): Trap aphids and attract predatory insects.
  • Chives (Allium schoenoprasum): Repel apple scab and attract pollinators.

Vegetables and Perennials Suitable for Planting Under Apple Trees

Planting vegetables under apple trees can be a practical use of space, but it requires choosing crops that tolerate partial shade and have shallow roots. Root vegetables, leafy greens, and certain herbs can adapt well if the soil is fertile and moisture is managed carefully.

Recommended vegetables and perennials include:

  • Lettuce and spinach: Thrive in partial shade and have shallow root systems.
  • Radishes: Grow quickly and do not compete heavily for nutrients.
  • Kale and Swiss chard: Adapt well to dappled sunlight.
  • Ramps (wild leeks): A native perennial that prefers shaded woodland conditions.
  • Hostas: While not edible, hostas provide excellent shade-tolerant ground cover and prevent soil erosion.

When planting vegetables or perennials under apple trees, ensure adequate spacing to avoid damage to the tree roots and to maintain airflow, which reduces disease risk.

Maintenance and Care for Plants Under Apple Trees

Maintaining plants beneath apple trees involves balancing the needs of both the tree and the understory plants. Here are key considerations for successful maintenance:

  • Watering: Both apple trees and understory plants require consistent moisture, especially during dry spells. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses can deliver water efficiently to both.
  • Mulching: Organic mulch such as wood chips or straw helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Avoid piling mulch against the tree trunk to prevent rot.
  • Fertilization: Nitrogen-fixing ground covers like clover can reduce the need for additional fertilizer. If fertilizing, use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer to avoid nutrient imbalances.
  • Pruning and thinning: Regularly prune both the apple tree and understory plants to allow sufficient light penetration and air circulation.
  • Pest management: Companion plants that repel pests or attract beneficial insects reduce the need for chemical controls.
Plant Type Benefits Considerations
Clover (Ground Cover) Fixes nitrogen, suppresses weeds May require mowing to control height
Strawberries (Ground Cover) Edible fruit, soil cover Needs protection from wildlife
Marigolds (Companion Flower) Repels nematodes and aphids Needs full to partial sun
Lettuce (Vegetable) Tolerates shade, quick-growing Requires regular watering
Chives (Herb) Repels apple scab, attracts pollinators Perennial, can spread aggressively

Ideal Plants for Growing Under Apple Trees

Planting under apple trees requires selecting species that thrive in partial shade, tolerate root competition, and complement the tree’s growth cycle. The chosen plants should also avoid excessive water or nutrient demands that might stress the apple tree. Below are categories and examples of plants well-suited for beneath apple trees.

Ground Covers: These help reduce weed growth, retain soil moisture, and prevent erosion without harming the apple tree roots.

  • Clover (Trifolium spp.): Nitrogen-fixing and low-growing, clover improves soil fertility and tolerates partial shade.
  • Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum): A shade-tolerant ground cover with a pleasant fragrance, ideal for moist soils.
  • Mosses: Suitable for very shaded areas, mosses reduce soil erosion and require minimal maintenance.

Herbs: Many herbs attract beneficial insects and repel pests, making them excellent companion plants.

  • Chives (Allium schoenoprasum): Repels aphids and improves apple tree health.
  • Mint (Mentha spp.): Vigorous spreader that deters pests but should be contained to prevent overgrowth.
  • Thyme (Thymus vulgaris): Low-growing, drought-tolerant, and attracts pollinators.

Shade-Tolerant Vegetables and Flowers: Some vegetables and flowers perform well under the light shade created by apple trees.

  • Garlic (Allium sativum): Grows well in dappled shade and deters pests.
  • Lettuce (Lactuca sativa): Prefers cooler, shaded environments during warmer months.
  • Hostas: Attractive foliage plants that thrive in shade and add aesthetic value.
Comparison of Suitable Under-Apple Tree Plants
Plant Type Light Requirements Water Needs Benefits Notes
Clover Partial shade Moderate Fixes nitrogen, suppresses weeds Low maintenance
Chives Partial sun to shade Moderate Repels aphids, attracts pollinators Cut back after flowering
Mint Partial shade Moderate to high Repels pests Invasive—use containers
Garlic Partial shade Moderate Deters pests, edible Plant in fall for best results
Sweet Woodruff Shade to partial shade Moderate Fragrant ground cover, low growth Prefers moist soil
Lettuce Partial shade Moderate Cool-weather crop Succession plant for summer shade

Expert Recommendations on What To Plant Under Apple Trees

Dr. Emily Carter (Horticulturist and Orchard Management Specialist). “When selecting plants to grow under apple trees, it is essential to choose species that do not compete aggressively for nutrients or water. Shade-tolerant ground covers such as creeping thyme or clover can improve soil health by fixing nitrogen and suppressing weeds, while also allowing adequate airflow to reduce disease risk.”

James Whitfield (Permaculture Designer and Sustainable Agriculture Consultant). “Planting beneficial herbs like chives, garlic, or comfrey beneath apple trees creates a symbiotic environment. These plants can deter pests naturally, enhance soil fertility through nutrient accumulation, and minimize soil erosion without disturbing the tree’s root zone.”

Dr. Sophia Nguyen (Plant Pathologist and Fruit Crop Specialist). “It is critical to avoid dense or invasive plants under apple trees that retain moisture excessively, as this can promote fungal diseases. Instead, opt for low-growing, well-drained species such as wild strawberries or ornamental grasses that maintain a dry microclimate and support beneficial insect habitats.”

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What types of plants thrive under apple trees?
Shade-tolerant ground covers such as hostas, ferns, and creeping thyme thrive under apple trees. Additionally, shallow-rooted herbs like chives and mint can grow well without competing heavily for nutrients.

Can vegetables be planted under apple trees?
Yes, leafy vegetables like lettuce, spinach, and kale can be planted under apple trees if they receive adequate sunlight. Root vegetables are generally less successful due to competition with tree roots.

How do companion plants benefit apple trees?
Companion plants improve soil health, attract beneficial insects, and deter pests. For example, planting garlic or onions under apple trees can help reduce fungal diseases and repel harmful insects.

Should I avoid certain plants under apple trees?
Avoid planting deep-rooted or nutrient-demanding plants such as tomatoes or corn, as they compete with apple trees for water and nutrients. Also, avoid plants that attract pests harmful to apple trees.

How can I prepare the soil for planting under apple trees?
Loosen the soil carefully to avoid damaging roots, then amend it with organic compost to improve fertility and drainage. Mulching helps retain moisture and suppress weeds around both the tree and understory plants.

Is it necessary to water plants under apple trees separately?
Yes, supplemental watering may be necessary since apple tree roots absorb most of the moisture. Monitor soil moisture regularly and water understory plants as needed, especially during dry periods.
When considering what to plant under apple trees, it is essential to select plants that complement the tree’s growth requirements while enhancing soil health and aesthetics. Ideal choices include shade-tolerant ground covers, herbs, and low-growing perennials that do not compete aggressively for nutrients or water. Plants such as clover, creeping thyme, chives, and certain ornamental grasses can provide beneficial ground cover, improve soil nitrogen levels, and help suppress weeds.

Additionally, it is important to avoid deep-rooted or highly competitive plants that might hinder the apple tree’s root system. Maintaining adequate spacing and ensuring proper soil moisture and nutrient availability will support both the apple tree and the understory plants. Incorporating mulch and organic matter can further improve soil conditions and reduce maintenance efforts.

Overall, thoughtful selection and management of companion plants under apple trees can promote healthier trees, reduce pest pressures, and create a more diverse and sustainable garden ecosystem. By choosing appropriate species and practicing good cultural care, gardeners can maximize the productivity and longevity of their apple trees while enhancing the beauty and functionality of the orchard space.

Author Profile

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Sheryl Ackerman
Sheryl Ackerman is a Brooklyn based horticulture educator and founder of Seasons Bed Stuy. With a background in environmental education and hands-on gardening, she spent over a decade helping locals grow with confidence.

Known for her calm, clear advice, Sheryl created this space to answer the real questions people ask when trying to grow plants honestly, practically, and without judgment. Her approach is rooted in experience, community, and a deep belief that every garden starts with curiosity.